• Acidic or very alkaline (calcareaus) soils
  • Low organic matter
  • Cold or wet conditions
  • Crops with a poorly developed root system
  • Soils with low P reserves
  • Soils with a high phosphate capacity
  • Iron rich soils

  • Increased energy transfer
  • Improved synthesis of proteins
  • Greater formation of nucleic acids
  • Stronger cell membranes due to increase in phospholipids